Draining the land around your property is more than just a technicality. It’s key to protecting what’s important, whether it’s your home, your backyard, or even the stability of the land itself. Heavy rain, hydrophobic soil or poor drainage can quickly turn your land into a veritable swamp. But with the right solutions – like installing a French drain, or simply planting trees that naturally absorb water – it’s possible to bring your soil back to life. It’s an important step, and a necessary precaution, to prevent water from causing long-term damage.
Identifying the causes of a flooded backyard
Before installing a drainage system, you need to understand the reasons why a property floods. Several factors can contribute to water accumulation: the presence of hydrophobic or water repellent soil, such as clay or loam, which does not properly soak up water, or an inadequate drainage system that doesn’t allow water to run off efficiently. Sloping ground can also exacerbate the problem by directing rainwater into low-lying areas, where it accumulates.
A rising water table, the presence of an underground spring, or melting snow can also cause flooding, particularly on land with limited natural drainage. Heavy rainfall, combined with poor drainage, will always increase the risk of flooding.
To determine the best way to drain a flooded property, you need to assess the water accumulation, the topography of the land, and the places where the most water accumulates. This will enable you to decide whether a ditch, French drain or perforated pipe system is the best solution for managing excess water and preventing future flooding.
Importance of a drainage system for your property
An efficient drainage system is a tried-and-true tool for protecting land from flooding and water accumulation. Without proper drainage, water can seep into building foundations, which can cause land subsidence (a gradual settling or sudden sinking of the surface) or erosion problems, and promote the growth of mold and mildew. Waterlogged ground compromises the stability of surrounding structures and can render the soil unusable, particularly for landscaping activities. Installing a suitable drainage system, such as a French drain or perforated pipes, helps to regulate the flow of rainwater and surface water, and avoid costly long-term damage.
French drains, the best solution to prevent flooding
Wondering what a French drain is? It’s a common and effective solution for draining flooded ground, which involves digging a trench around a problem area (usually near your building’s foundation) and installing a drain to collect water and redirect it to an outlet point. The perforated pipe that is placed in the trench is surrounded by gravel and wrapped in geotextile to prevent it from getting clogged with sediment.
The advantage of a French drain is that it captures excess water that seeps into the ground, particularly during heavy rains or snowmelt, and redirects it away from foundations and high-risk areas. This considerably reduces the risk of water infiltrating basements or flooding nearby structures.
How to install a proper drainage system on waterlogged land
1. Eliminate excess water
Before starting to install any drainage system, you need to remove any accumulated water. Use a sump pump or dig temporary channels to direct the water to a drainage point. This will allow you to work on less saturated ground, making the following steps much easier.
2. Choose drain locations
The next step is to choose the ideal location for the drains. They should be installed in the lowest point on your property, or where water accumulates the most. Make sure to direct the flow of water to an outlet away from foundations and structures, such as a ditch or sump.
3. Dig a deep, wide trench
Dig a trench that is deep and wide enough to accommodate your chosen drainage system. Trench depth depends on soil type and water accumulation, but should generally be at least 60 cm. Make sure the slope of the trench allows water to flow naturally to a lower point.
4. Put gravel in the bottom of the trench
Once the trench has been dug, add a layer of gravel to the bottom. This will help water to flow more easily down the drain and prevent sediment from clogging the system. Make sure you use good-quality gravel that is big enough to prevent clogging.
5. Install the perforated pipe
Now place the perforated pipe in the trench, making sure that the holes face downwards. This pipe will collect any water that seeps in and direct it to a drainage point. The pipe should be made of PVC or another corrosion-resistant material that will last a long time.
6. Place a geotextile film over the drain
Wrap the perforated pipe with geotextile film to prevent soil and debris from clogging the drainage system. Geotextile is key to the drain’s durability, as it allows water to pass through while preventing fine particles from passing into the pipe.
7. Backfill the trench
Finally, place more gravel around the pipe, then add soil on top until the trench is completely filled. This last step stabilizes the soil and allows water to run off efficiently without creating an eyesore on your property.
Avoid flooding with regular drain maintenance
A good drainage system alone is not enough to prevent flooding. To make sure that your property doesn’t flood in the event of heavy rainfall, it’s important to keep drains clear and in good condition at all times. Drains blocked by leaves, soil or tree roots can lead to flooding even if your drainage system is built correctly and fully functional.
Inspect pipes and trenches regularly to verify that water is draining properly. If you notice that water is accumulating on the ground surface after rainfall, this may be a sign that your drainage system is damaged, or that further work is needed to redirect the water to a lower point.
Solutions for draining soil with high clay content
Clay soils are particularly prone to retaining water, as clay does not drain quickly. If your soil has a high clay content, consider installing a more robust drainage system to prevent water from accumulating on the surface.
In some cases, it may be worth digging several trenches around problem areas or installing drainage ditches to help move excess water to lower areas of the ground. You can also use a combination of geotextile and gravel to help prevent fine clay particles from clogging your drainage system.
Sump pump: another solution for draining excess water
In cases where water accumulation is excessive and the soil does not allow for natural drainage, you can install a sump pump to move any excess water to a pit or ditch. Sump pumps are particularly useful in basements or flat areas where water doesn’t drain naturally.
Plant trees to help drain your land
Planting trees can be a natural and effective solution for improving drainage on flooded land. Trees absorb large quantities of water through their roots, which reduces the accumulation of water on the soil surface. In addition to stabilizing the soil, deep tree roots create natural channels that facilitate rainwater runoff and help prevent flooding and excessive water infiltration. Flat soils or soils with high clay content can greatly benefit from this approach – just remember not to plant trees too close to your home’s foundations, as their roots can also impact the structure of your building.
Build a soakaway to evacuate excess water
Another effective method of draining flooded ground is the soakaway, or dry well, a deep hole dug in the ground and filled with gravel or another material that drains well. It directs excess water into the deeper layers of the soil, where it is soaked up slowly and naturally. A dry well is often installed in areas where water accumulates in large quantities and does not drain easily.
To maximize the effectiveness of a dry well, build it in a strategic location, away from the foundation, and connect it to a drainage system or perforated pipe. This solution is particularly useful for sites where the nature of the soil or topography makes it difficult for water to soak into the ground.
Call on professional drainage specialists
Draining flooded land is a complex task that demands a good knowledge of the various drainage systems available and the specific features of your unique property. For effective installation and to avoid future flooding, it’s a good idea to call on foundation and French drain installation experts like Pavé IMH. We’ll put our expertise to work so you can reap the rewards of a well-designed drainage system that is specifically adapted to your property. Protect your foundations and avoid damage caused by water accumulation with the help of certified professionals.
Draining flooded land is a necessity, and with the right solutions, you can protect your property from the damage caused by excess water accumulation.